Logic puzzle
A logic puzzle is a puzzle with a single correct solution that can be reached by reasoning from the given clues and rules, without needing to guess or to know any outside facts.
The family is large. Sudoku, Kakuro and nonograms are logic puzzles on a grid. Logic grid puzzles and whodunits ask you to match people, places and things. Path and region puzzles ask you to place pieces under rules. In each case the clues interlock, and every step either rules something out or pins something down.
A good logic puzzle is fair. It has exactly one answer, and you can always find a next move without trial and error. The solving method is the same across the genre: look for the clue that is most restrictive, write down what it forces, and let that unlock the next one. When stuck, go back to a clue you have not used yet.
Bossfeed has logic puzzles at three sizes: the Daily Mini Lineup takes about a minute, Color Gates is a few minutes of sliding blocks, and Morning Mysteries is a fuller logic grid mystery of a few minutes, up to about ten on the hardest days.
Daily Mini Lineup - a one-minute logic puzzle, free with no sign-up.